CyberSecurity Interview Questions and Answers- Part 3

Symmetric encryption uses a single key for encrypting and decrypting the data. It is faster but requires secure key distribution. Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. It also provides secure key exchange but is slower due to the complexity of the encryption algorithms.

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SSL/TLS is a cryptographic protocol that offers secure communication over a network, usually the internet. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity between client-server applications. SSL/TLS is commonly used for securing web traffic (HTTPS) and other network protocols.

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Security best practices for password management include using strong, complex passwords, avoiding password reuse, enabling multi-factor authentication, regularly updating passwords, and securely storing passwords using techniques like hashing and salting.

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Public Key Infrastructure is a system of hardware, software, policies, and procedures used to manage digital certificates and public-key encryption. It provides a framework for secure communication, authentication, and encryption using public and private key pairs.

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Zero trust security is an approach that assumes no trust by default, regardless of whether a user is inside or outside the network periphery. It requires strict access controls, continuous verification, and micro-segmentation to protect against insider threats and unauthorized access.

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A Security Engineer designs, implements, and manages security systems, controls, and technologies to protect an organization’s assets. They work to identify vulnerabilities, develop security solutions, and ensure compliance with security policies and standards.

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Common types of malware include viruses, ransomware, Trojans, worms, spyware, adware, and botnets. Each type of malware has its own features and malicious objectives, such as data theft, system disruption, or unauthorized access.

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Black-box testing is a testing technique where the tester has no prior knowledge of the internal workings of the system being tested. It focuses on validating inputs and outputs without considering the internal implementation. White-box testing, on the other hand, involves testing the internal structure and logic of the system, including code-level testing and examining internal components.

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Secure coding practices involve following coding guidelines and principles to develop software that is resistant to vulnerabilities and attacks. It includes practices such as input validation, output encoding, secure error handling, and protection against common coding vulnerabilities like injection attacks and buffer overflows.

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The principle of defense-in-breadth, also known as layered security, emphasizes the use of multiple security controls and measures at different layers of the technology stack. It aims to provide redundant and overlapping protection to increase the overall resilience and effectiveness of the security posture.

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A vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in a system or network that attackers can exploit. An exploit, on the other hand, is a piece of code or technique used to take advantage of a vulnerability and compromise the security of the system.

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The concept of “least privilege” in access control means granting users or processes only the minimum privileges necessary to perform their authorized tasks. It helps minimize the potential impact of compromised accounts and reduces the risk of unauthorized access or misuse of privileges.

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A Security Incident Response Team, also known as a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT), is a group of professionals responsible for responding to and managing security incidents within an organization. The team typically includes incident responders, forensic analysts, and other specialists.

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A software patch is a piece of code designed to update, fix, or improve a software application or system. It typically addresses security vulnerabilities, software bugs, or adds new features. Patches are released by software vendors to keep their products up to date and secure.

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A Secure Development Lifecycle is an approach to software development that integrates security considerations and practices throughout the entire development process. It ensures that security is built into the software from the initial design phase to deployment and maintenance, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities and security issues.

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A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is a senior executive responsible for overseeing an organization’s information security program. They help develop and implement security strategies, policies, and procedures, manage security incidents, and ensure compliance with applicable regulations and standards.

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A security audit is a systematic evaluation and assessment of an organization’s security controls, policies, and practices. It involves reviewing security measures, conducting vulnerability assessments, and identifying areas of improvement to enhance the overall security posture.

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 Type I error is a false positive. Type I error is claiming something has happened when it hasn’t.

Type II error is a false negative error. Type II error is claiming nothing when in fact something has happened.

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Encryption plays a crucial role in securing data during transmission. It ensures that even if intercepted by unauthorized individuals, the data remains unreadable and protected. Secure protocols like SSL/TLS use encryption to establish secure communication channels over networks.

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The principle of separation of duties requires dividing critical tasks and responsibilities among multiple individuals to prevent fraud, errors, and unauthorized actions. It ensures that no single person has complete control or authority over a process, reducing the risk of misuse or abuse.