Top 100 Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers

Answer:

Cybersecurity refers to the protection of internet-connected systems such as software, hardware, electronic data, etc., from cyber-attacks. In computing text, it is referred to as protection against unauthorized access.

Answer:

Cryptography is a method to transform and transmit confidential data in an encoded way to protect the information from third parties for whom data is not authorized.

Threat: Someone with the potential to cause harm by damaging or destroying the official data of a system or organization.

Ex: Phishing attack

Vulnerability: It refers to weaknesses in a system that makes threat outcomes more possible and even more dangerous.

Ex: SQL injections, cross-site scripting

Risk: It refers to a combination of threat probability and impact/loss. In simple terms, it is related to potential damage or loss when a threat exploits the vulnerability.

Threat probability * Potential loss = Risk

Answer:

Cross-Site Scripting is also known as a client-side injection attack, which aims at executing malicious scripts on a victim’s web browser by injecting malicious code.

The following practices can prevent Cross-Site Scripting:

• Encoding special characters
• Using XSS HTML Filter
• Validating user inputs
• Using Anti-XSS services/tools

Answer:

A Botnet is a group of internet-connected devices such as servers, PCs, mobile devices, etc., that are affected and controlled by malware.

It is used for stealing data, sending spam, performing distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), and more, and also to enable the user to access the device and its connection.

Answer:

CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) triad is a model designed to handle policies for information security within an organization.

• Confidentiality – A collection of rules that limits access to information.
• Integrity – It assures the information is trustworthy and reliable.
• Availability – It provides reliable access to data for authorized people.

Answer:

Both hashing and encryption are used to convert readable data into an unreadable format. The significant difference is that encrypted data can be transformed into original data by decryption, whereas hashed data cannot be processed back to the original data.

Answer:

A firewall is a security system used to control and monitor network traffic. It is used for protecting the system/network from malware, viruses, worms, etc., and secures unauthorized access from a private network.

The steps required to set up and configure the firewall are listed below:

• Change the default password for a firewall device.
• Disable the remote administration feature.
• Configure port forwarding for specific applications to function correctly, such as an FTP server or a web server.
• Firewall installation on a network with an existing DHCP server can cause errors unless its firewall’s DHCP is disabled.
• Make sure the firewall is configured to robust security policies.

Answer:

The following are some of the advantages of putting cybersecurity in place and keeping it up to date:

• Businesses are protected from cyberattacks and data breaches.
• Both data and network security are safeguarded.
• Unauthorized user access is kept to a minimum.
• There is a quicker recovery time after a breach.
• Protection for end-users and endpoint devices.
• Regulatory compliance.
• Operational consistency.
• Developers, partners, consumers, stakeholders, and employees have a higher level of trust in the company’s reputation.

Answer:

Honeypots are attack targets that are set up to see how different attackers attempt exploits. Private firms and governments can utilize the same concept to evaluate their vulnerabilities, which is widely used in academic settings.

Answer:

Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing are two different phrases that both serve the same purpose, that is to secure the network environment.

Vulnerability Assessment is a process for defining, detecting, and prioritizing vulnerabilities in computer systems, network infrastructure, applications, and other systems, as well as providing the necessary information to the organization to correct the flaws.

Penetration Testing is also known as ethical hacking or pen-testing. It’s a method of identifying vulnerabilities in a network, system, application, or other systems in order to prevent attackers from exploiting them. It is most commonly used to supplement a web application firewall in the context of web application security (WAF).

Answer:

A null session occurs when a user is not authorized using either a username or a password. It can provide a security concern for apps because it implies that the person making the request is unknown.

Answer:

The common types of cyber security attacks are: –

• Malware
• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
• Denial-of-Service (DoS)
• Domain Name System Attack
• Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
• SQL Injection Attack
• Phishing
• Session Hijacking
• Brute Force

Answer:

Shoulder surfing is a form of physical assault that entails physically peering at people’s screens while they type information in a semi-public space.

Answer:

A cyber threat (a type of eavesdropping assault) in which a cybercriminal wiretaps a communication or data transmission between two people is known as a man-in-the-middle attack. Once a cybercriminal enters a two-way conversation, they appear to be genuine participants, allowing them to obtain sensitive information and respond in a variety of ways. The main goal of this type of attack is to acquire access company’s or customers’ personal information.

Answer:

Following are the methods that will assist you in stopping and preventing DDOS attacks:

• Create a denial of the service response strategy.
• Maintain the integrity of your network infrastructure.
• Use fundamental network security measures.
• Keep a solid network architecture.
• Recognize the Warning Signs
• Think about DDoS as a service.

Answer:

Traceroute is a tool that shows the path of a packet. It lists all the points (mainly routers) that the packet passes through. This is used mostly when the packet is not reaching its destination. Traceroute is used to check where the connection stops or breaks to identify the point of failure.

Answer:

Secure servers use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol for data encryption and decryption to protect data from unauthorized interception.

Here are four simple ways to secure server:

Step 1: Make sure you have a secure password for your root and administrator users.

Step 2: The next thing you need to do is make new users on your system. These will be the users you use to manage the system.

Step 3: Remove remote access from the default root/administrator accounts.

Step 4: The next step is to configure your firewall rules for remote access.

Answer:

Port Scanning is the technique used to identify open ports and service available on a host. Hackers use port scanning to find information that can be helpful to exploit vulnerabilities. Administrators use Port Scanning to verify the security policies of the network. Some of the common Port Scanning Techniques are:

• Ping Scan
• TCP Half-Open
• TCP Connect
• UDP
• Stealth Scanning

Answer:

Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning is a sort of cyber-attack that uses a network device to convert IP addresses to physical addresses. On the network, the host sends an ARP broadcast, and the receiver machine responds with its physical address.

It is the practice of sending bogus addresses to a switch so that it can associate them with the IP address of a legitimate machine on the network and hijack traffic.