Full Stack Interview Questions and Answers- Part 3

Answer:

AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition) and CommonJS are both JavaScript module loaders that achieve the same goal, but they work differently.

AMD is designed for browsers and loads modules asynchronously, which can lead to more optimized loading of modules. However, it can result in multiple HTTP requests for each module, potentially affecting performance.

CommonJS, on the other hand, is used more in server-side environments and loads modules synchronously. It’s simple and intuitive but can lead to blocking behavior.

AMD is better suited for browsers due to its asynchronous loading nature, while CommonJS is more straightforward and often used in server-side environments.

Answer:

You can clear floats in CSS using the “clear” property. If elements inside a container are floated, and you want to ensure that the container wraps around those floated elements, you can apply the “clear” property to the container element. For example, to clear floats within a header element, you can use the following CSS:

header {

clear: both; 

}

Answer:

Yes, you can share code between files using various methods like:

• Bit
• NPM libraries
• Multi-package repositories

Answer:

DOM Manipulation – DOM (Document Object Model) in JavaScript refers to a hierarchical tree-like structure which is used to show the relationship between various types of HTML elements. The working principle of DOM is very simple; it is a tree of nodes created by the browser. Each node contains distinct attributes and methods that may be modified with JavaScript.

Answer:

The most important qualities for a full-stack developer include:

• Strong problem-solving skills.
• Creativity and innovative thinking.
• Effective time management.
• Attention to detail.
• Collaboration and communication abilities.
• Proficiency in a wide range of technologies.
• Adaptability and willingness to learn.
• Understanding of both frontend and backend concepts.
• An ability to deliver complete and functional solutions.

Answer:

To develop a project from scratch, you’d need technologies and languages like:

• Frontend Development: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
• Backend Development: Java, Python, PHP, Ruby
• Database Management: MySQL, SQLite, Oracle, Microsoft Access
• Technology Stacks: LAMP, Django, MEAN, MERN

Answer:

Some recent full-stack development trends include:

• Low-code and no-code development platforms.
• Integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
• Advancements in blockchain technology.
• Growth of progressive web applications.
• Growing use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in applications.

Answer:

A process is an independent execution unit containing its own memory space and system resources. A thread is a smaller unit of a process, sharing the same memory space and resources. Multiple threads can be present within a single process, each performing different tasks concurrently.

Answer:

This question assesses your communication and problem-solving skills. Share a scenario where you noticed inefficient code in a colleague’s work. Approach the situation respectfully, discussing the code’s shortcomings and suggesting improvements. Emphasize collaborative problem-solving rather than criticizing your colleague.

Answer:

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design. Share your familiarity with design patterns and how you’ve applied them in your work. Highlight your comfort with using design patterns to improve code structure, maintainability, and scalability.

Answer:

Share an experience where you implemented or debugged a program that demonstrated qualities of good software implementations, such as usability, reliability, accuracy, robustness, and correctness. Discuss how you applied these qualities to create an efficient and effective solution.

Answer:

• Responsive design adjusts the layout and content of a website fluidly to fit different screen sizes and orientations. Adaptive design uses predefined layouts optimized for specific device types and screen sizes. 
• Responsive design relies on fluid grids, while adaptive design uses fixed layout sizes for distinct devices.

Answer:

A web server is a computer or software that stores and delivers web content to users’ browsers over the internet. It uses protocols like HTTP to handle requests from users and respond with the appropriate web pages, images, videos, or other resources.

Answer:

A static website uses fixed HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files that display the same content to all users. A dynamic website uses server-side programming to generate content on-the-fly, allowing for personalized experiences and real-time data updates.

Answer:

When selecting tools and technologies for a project, consider analyzing project requirements, evaluating compatibility, researching best solutions, checking for similar projects, and assessing budget constraints to make informed decisions.

Answer:

RESTful API is popular due to its stateless nature, scalability, cacheability, and simplicity. Its architecture allows for efficient communication between clients and servers, making it an effective choice for building web services.

Answer:

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern breaks an application into three components: Model (data and logic), View (user interface), and Controller (intermediary between Model and View). It promotes modularity, maintainability, and separation of concerns.

Answer:

Full-stack developers commonly use a combination of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various backend languages like Python, Java, PHP, and Node.js. JavaScript, due to its versatility, is especially popular for both frontend and backend development.

Answer:

Type coercion in JavaScript is the automatic conversion of data types when performing operations or comparisons involving values of different types. JavaScript tries to make the values compatible by converting one or both operands to a common type to allow the operation to proceed.

Answer:

 Mocks and stubs are two common methods used for unit testing. You can choose one or both, depending on the testing goals. Here is a comparison of mock vs. stub.